Jumat, 23 Januari 2015

Structure Prepositions

Prepositions: words that link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence.
Prepositions cause lots of problems for lots of people, so do not worry if that includes you. It is hardly surprising these words create such havoc – after all, we might say, for example, that we are at the hospital, but we sometimes visit a friend who is in hospital.
Similarly, we lie in bed, but on a sofa. We might watch a play at a theatre or on television.
So, like I said, do not worry. Just pay attention to these little words and practise using them.
Prepositions fall into four categories:
§  Time prepositions (for example, at, on, in, since, for, during, before)
§  Location prepositions (at, on, in)
§  Direction prepositions (at, on, in, towards, around, through, across)
§  Position prepositions (beneath, under, over, on)
Here are some examples:
Time prepositions
§  ‘Peter ate his sandwich during the morning’s train journey.’
§  ‘Peter has lived in London since the mid-80s.’
§  ‘Peter has lived in London for 20 years.’
§  ‘Peter had his lunch at three o’clock.’
§  ‘Peter’s birthday is on March 20th.’
§  ‘Peter is going on holiday in three months…in the summer.’
§  ‘Peter is quitting work before he travels.’

Location prepositions
§  ‘Peter ate his sandwich on the train.’
§  ‘Peter has lived in London since the mid-80s.’
§  ‘Peter works at London Bridge.’
Direction prepositions
§  ‘Peter’s bus travelled through the red traffic light towards its destination.’
§  ‘That bus really did go around the houses.’
§  ‘Peter’s bus travelled across the bridge.’
Position prepositions
§  ‘Peter sat on the bus and read his newspaper.’
§  ‘Peter’s bus waited at the red light.’
§  ‘Peter sat beneath a crumbling bridge, over which rumbled a heavy lorry.’
The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
Prepositions, like over in the final example above, will always sit comfortably before the pronoun ‘which’ (as in, ‘…over which rumbled a heavy lorry.’).
And there has always been some debate about whether or not prepositions should be allowed to sit at the end of a sentence. My advice on this one is this: ask yourself – which version sounds better, clearer? Is it, for example, ‘The world we live in,’ or, ‘The world in which we live.’ That’s up to you, although it is always a good idea to tailor your style to suit your situation or intended reader.
What I would say is that wherever you place your preposition and however you structure your sentence around it, ensure that you don’t write the preposition twice, such as: ‘The world in which we live in,’ which is actually a Paul McCartney lyric, from the theme from ‘Live and Let Die’. (He’s allowed – it’s poetic licence and he was a Beatle!).

Prepositions with nouns, adjectives and verbs
Prepositions are sometimes so closely linked to other words that they almost act as one single word. This is the case when prepositions are used alongside certain nouns, adjectives and verbs.
Here are some examples:
Nouns and prepositions
§  approval of
§  belief in
§  concern for
§  love of
§  reason for
Adjectives and prepositions
§  afraid of
§  married to
§  happy about
§  made of
§  familiar with
Verbs and prepositions
§  give up
§  grow up
§  look up
§  pay for
§  find out

Be careful not to fall into bad habits with prepositions: it can be quite easy to use one where it is simply not necessary or required. For example:
§  Incorrect: ‘She met with her boss.’
§  Correct: ‘She met her boss.’
§  Incorrect: ‘I got it off of my brother.’
§  Correct: ‘I got it from my brother.’
§  Incorrect: ‘Where are you at?’
§  Correct: ‘Where are you?’
§  Incorrect: ‘He threw her stuff out of the window.’
§  Correct: ‘He threw her stuff out the window.


  
EXERCISE !
Analyze this article below about the structure preposition

How to Teach First Grade
Teaching 1st grade will be different by teaching high school students. Required certain techniques so that the child can absorb lessons more fun considering the psychological child is still in the early learning stages.

The voice sounded clear enough by children, intonation, etc. are things that are very important to be possessed by the teacher. For early elementary grades, they are still considered early childhood, before providing early childhood learning, as teachers need to recognize the characteristics of elementary school age children first. Do not forget to always give something new and varied for them. No need expensive, objects in the environment can be the object of exploration for children.

The period is also very short of their concentration. Thus, teachers must have a second plan, and even third, fourth plan needs to be prepared for them so they do not saturate. Keep in mind that early childhood is a period play. Thus, the instruction given to them should be based on the principles of play (fun, children can explore, gain a lot of experience).

Children are not miniature adults but they have the characteristics and uniqueness of each. So, do not equate them with the high school kids that are easier on the set and was able to concentrate for a long time.


Preposition from article above
1.       in the early learning stages
in in sentence above shows preposition place
2.       by children
by in sentence above shows preposition time
3.       For early elementary grades
For in sentence above shows preposition time
4.       before providing early childhood learning
before in sentence above shows preposition time
5.       on the set
on in sentence above shows preposition time




Name               : Panca Rahmawati
Class/NPM      : 4SA05/18611087

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